This paper establishes a comprehensive and scientifically rigorous evaluation index system specifically designed for high-quality agricultural development. Utilizing methods such as the entropy weight method, comprehensive evaluation index method, and Dagum Gini coefficient, it provides an in-depth analysis of the level and spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural development in Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that Zhejiang Province has consistently demonstrated an improvement in the overall quality of its agricultural development, evident from a substantial increase in the agricultural development index, particularly after 2018. This upward trend is primarily driven by significant advancements in agricultural production efficiency, coupled with the rapid integration and expansion of mechanization and technology. Additionally, the study highlights notable regional disparities and burgeoning trends in agricultural development within Zhejiang. Specifically, the northern region maintains its leading position, while the eastern region is progressively gaining prominence. To facilitate comprehensive and high-quality agricultural development across Zhejiang Province, the paper suggests strategies including fostering coordinated regional development, optimizing resource allocation, and refining the structure of the agricultural industry.