TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimal and Stability Analysis of the Co-Infections Disease Mathematical Model
AU - Siosemardan , Zhila
AU - Nyamoradi , Nemat
AU - Hariharan , S.
AU - Shangerganesh , L.
JO - Journal of Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis
VL - 3
SP - 840
EP - 867
PY - 2025
DA - 2025/05
SN - 7
DO - http://doi.org/10.12150/jnma.2025.840
UR - https://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/jnma/24105.html
KW - Co-infections model, stability analysis, basic reproduction number, optimal control.
AB - <p style="text-align: justify;">A co-infection of a human or a pig with human influenza or COVID-19 strains and H5N1 strain may result in a pandemic strain, causing a widespread deadly pandemic. In this paper, we consider a new class of co-infections
disease epidemic models for a rapid and slow virus. We study the transmission
threshold by analyzing the basic reproduction number. The equilibrium points
for the model are derived, and their local stability is analyzed with suitable
assumptions on the model parameters. Understanding the model parameters
is one of the prime subjects in this research work. Therefore, the sensitivity
of essential parameters is investigated. Moreover, the optimal control problem
for the proposed model is considered, and first-order optimality conditions are
derived. Finally, numerical simulations indicate the effects of the model’s basic
reproduction number and control variables.</p>